中国語http://www.jcdic.com中国語辞書http://www.jcdic.com中国語会話http://www.jcdic.com/kaiwa/index.php中国語翻訳http://www.jcdic.com中国語発音http://www.jcdic.com/pinyin/index.php中国語ピンインhttp://www.jcdic.com/pinyin/index.php
]]>中国語http://www.jcdic.com中国語辞書http://www.jcdic.com中国語会話http://www.jcdic.com/kaiwa/index.php中国語翻訳http://www.jcdic.com中国語発音http://www.jcdic.com/pinyin/index.php中国語ピンインhttp://www.jcdic.com/pinyin/index.php
]]>
and I've come into conclusion that suggests it might have been
completely misunderstood and falsely taught. I'll try to explain my
point here, but if you have any questions after reading this text,
feel free to comment on this text and I will reply, trying to clear
any misunderstood words or sentences.
Firstly, let's stop to think about the word “philosophy”. As many of
you probably know, it's formed by two separate words: ????? (phílos,
meaning friend or lover) and ????? (sophía, meaning wisdom). And
]]>and I've come into conclusion that suggests it might have been
completely misunderstood and falsely taught. I'll try to explain my
point here, but if you have any questions after reading this text,
feel free to comment on this text and I will reply, trying to clear
any misunderstood words or sentences.
Firstly, let's stop to think about the word “philosophy”. As many of
you probably know, it's formed by two separate words: ????? (phílos,
meaning friend or lover) and ????? (sophía, meaning wisdom). And
what is wisdom, that philosophers are so eagerly claiming to love?
Doesn't it involve thinking? Isn't that thinking supposed to be
rational?
Yea, I'm pretty sure it is.. Of course this is just what I believe
but I don't think anyone can claim I'm wrong about this. Still, if I
am wrong, correct me.
Anyways, most philosophy-enthusiasts are studying and teaching
theories of the other, known philosophers. They seem to be studying
to believe what the philosophers before them believed and the
opinions of those philosophers, instead of thinking and trying to
really find some answers for themselves. This is clearly visible
when you ask a philosophy enthusiast for a proof that speaks for
their theory and they try to use, as a proof, another theory that
hasn't been proved either.
Now you must be thinking that I didn't make this up by myself, this
was what Socrates left behind. Exactly, that's what it is: The
Socratic Method, which is shortly put a try to find the answer
through rational thinking that involves elimination of irrational
and unexplained, proof-lacking possibilities. I consider it the only
useful thing the ancient Greece left for us, just as I consider
Socrates the only real philosopher among who's been written about.
Just to refresh the memory of the reader, I want to summarize the
legend of Socrates as the wisest human: A friend of Socrates,
Chaerephon, asked the oracle of Delphi whether or not there was
someone wiser than Socrates and the oracle said there isn't anyone.
Socrates knew that the oracle had never given anyone praise for any
achievements or knowledge, so he decided to find out why the oracle
had said such a thing. He went to question some people who were
considered wise by the people. He questioned them about good, beauty
and virtue, finding out they really knew nothing but still believe
they knew much. So, Socrates ended up with a conclusion that the
reason for him being the wisest was that what he didn't know, he
didn't think he knows.
As you probably know, there aren't any proves that he ever wrote
anything about his theories; there are only the writings of Plato
through which we can get an idea of Socrates' so called teachings.
Yes, Socrates ran a sophist school and yes, it has been said that he
took payments for teaching, but it has also been said by Plato and
Xenophon – a Greek historian who lived ca. 431-355 BC – that he did
not because he wanted to make clear that he was not a teacher. His
teachings, as they are considered, were written in Plato's dialogues
with him because Plato decided to do it, most probably not because
Socrates himself wanted. I doubt he even knew what Plato was doing.
Anyways, what can be read about Socrates' opinions and beliefs are
still only that; opinions and beliefs. They're not rules that people
should follow. After all, Socrates was just a man, a human being,
just like the rest of us and thus capable of making mistakes.
Now, as I said, Socrates was just a human being – like the rest of
us – so probably he also had some of the common vices like greed
that each and everyone of us has in one form or another. What if he
wanted to boss around? After all, it has been told by Plato that he
wanted governments to be ruled by Philosophers and that he heard a
“divine voice” that prevented him from doing wrong. Such a thing as
“divine voice” couldn't be rationally explained, so that should be
cut out from a philosopher in the first place. What if he made it
up, knowing that people in such religious surroundings would obey
more easily and let him do what he wants if he justified all his
deeds and decisions with this “divine voice”, claiming with its help
never to do wrong?
Then again, there is something that confuses me a bit.. Why did he
accept the death sentence and drink the poison? Plato wrote about
those events quite a lot, but according to what I've read, he wasn't
there when it happened. What if Socrates was losing his mind and
wanting to die? What if he was frustrated of life? What if he knew
that after dying in such conditions, he would surely be remembered
and what if he wanted just that? We'll never know for sure..
Anyways, as many of you also know, Socrates didn't want to get into
politics. I haven't heard any possible explanations yet and I
haven't read about it much, so I probably shouldn't be writing about
it yet, but what if he lacked the self confidence for it or wanted
to boss around, just not on huge crowds? Or maybe it was just a try
to tell people that they shouldn't follow the beliefs, thoughts and
opinions of the others. I'm sure this is the most accepted
explanation for it and it is what I personally believe.
I believe the only thing Socrates ever waned to leave to people was
the Socratic method that simply tells people to think and gives some
basic advice on how it might be good to do so that it's effective
and leaves you with knowledge instead of beliefs and opinions. He
wanted people to question themselves and the others in order to find
the true answers to their problems.
]]>Please click here to see all our current specials.
]]>据了解，翻译人才中从事交替传译和同声传译的口译才在国内市场更是供不应求，需求量非常大。
]]>据了解，翻译人才中从事交替传译和同声传译的口译才在国内市场更是供不应求，需求量非常大。
交传和同传人才需求凸显
业内从业人员王先生告诉记者，近年来高层次的翻译人才需求加大，相应的高级翻译人才相对比较难找，尤其是交传和口传人才需求日益凸显。根据非官方的从业人员统计，全国同声传译的从业人员数目不超过500人，北京的同传从业人数占到1/3的比重。而全国只有北京、上海和广州这三个城市有一定数量的同传，其他城市则非常稀缺。而从翻译领域来看，目前化工、汽车、石油、医疗行业的口译人才十分抢手。
记者采访中了解到，专业口译是最高端的口译，包括法庭口译和会议口译。法庭口译，随着国际诉讼、仲裁事务日益增多，对法庭口译人才的需求也日益凸显。法庭口译译员的工作环境比较特殊，对法律知识也有较高要求。会议口译，包括交替传译和同声传译两种口译技能。从行业特点来讲，交传和同传的区别比较大。交替传译方式广泛应用于各种谈判、会谈、交谈时的现场翻译，各种场合的演讲、讲话或参观访问时的介绍等即席翻译。而在国际研讨会、国际大会、国际组织的年会等各种会议上通常采用同声传译。
进行交替传译时，讲话者每讲几句话或一段话就会停下来，让译员进行翻译。在外事和商务活动中，这种翻译公司主要用在中外领导人、中外商务代表进行会见、会晤、会谈、对话、磋商、谈判、交涉及参观访问等场合。现场翻译时间紧，不给翻译斟酌的时间，这就要求翻译反应快、语言水平高、语言转换能力强。同声传译是指举行国际会议时，在发言人讲话的同时，由译员进行传译。发言人不间断地讲话，译员边听边译。由于会议口译对于翻译人才的素质要求非常高，因此真正优秀的交传和同传人才一直是行业内的“香饽饽”。
从业人员日进斗金有前提
在很多人眼中，翻译行业是日进斗金的行业。根据了解，在企业从事行政助理兼翻译的人员月薪可以达到6000~8000元，大使馆的翻译人员月薪在8000~1万元，做到非常专业的会议口译，收入可以达到2000元/日，可以达到顶级的同声传译收入在5000元/日，有的甚至达到1万元/日。每年4、5、6、9、10月份是会议的旺季，从事同声传译设备租赁的工作人员每个月要进行10~15次的会议翻译，淡季会议翻译的数量则在5次左右。
不过，“金饭碗”不是人人都捧得。从事20多年翻译工作，北京新东方翻译项目组负责人杨军对此体会深刻，“要想做一名合格的口译，最为重要的不是语言水平而是行业背景。口译在中间传话，如果不具备对会谈领域专业知识、行业背景的了解，是无法做到精确有效。在精通原语和译语的基础上，译者常常要具备一个或多个领域的知识，如航空学、化学、人工智能、力学、会计学、国际法、医学或农学。其次才是双语的熟练，沟通能力极为重要，从职业感觉来讲，翻译需要自律，应该给人一种信赖感而非模式。收入也要经过竞争，百里挑一才能达到。”
从事多年同声传译的王先生则告诉记者，“一个会议，通常要有2~3个同传，15~20分钟轮换一次。翻译过程当中，精神要高度集中，劳动强度非常大。翻译到位的前提是会议前要对背景有大概的了解，翻译最大的特点就是善于学习。”有多年同传经历的姜浩先生告诉记者：“作为同传，每天都要学习，每个会议都是一个行业领域的商榷，与会人员都是专家、精英，提前需要有大量的专业知识储备，提前的工作量比较大。”
在翻译领域，口碑极为重要。对于一个想在此领域长期发展的从业人员来讲，口碑就是EVERYTHING.即便是“身经百战”的翻译，每次进行现场口译的时候也有如履薄冰之感，对于从业人员的挑战非常大。同时，合理的知识结构和广泛的知识面也是一个翻译所需要具备的，加之行业领域的细分和会议内容外延的扩大，翻译人员还必须有良好的学习能力。
翻译在职培训呈现空白
根据记者了解，目前市场上的口译人才很多毕业于国内外语院校，虽然外语专业人数众多，但只有特别优秀的毕业生可以直接做口译。有趣的现象是，市场上不少口译并非来自名校，有的甚至不是外语专业，而是自学成才。对英文专业的本科生或研究生来说，成为口译的捷径是考入商务部、外交部等国家部委的外事部门，或直接进入外企、国企的国际合作渠道，经过短期培训后，从事交传和同传的工作。
目前市场上有一些培训机构，主要针对学生，教给学生一些翻译的入门法、提供一些行业领域翻译的方法和素材，可以帮助学生省去很多时间去整理这些领域的翻译技巧。而目前翻译领域的在职培训仍然呈现空白局面。在细分的行业领域和日新月异的科技面前，在职的翻译人员十分需要不断充电，需要专家“打包”整理行业翻译信息，研究口译的发展方向和动态，及时进行知识和技能更新换代。
从业者感悟
“翻译是缺憾的艺术”
●讲述人：杨军
小档案：中国人民解放军退役陆军上校。曾在国防部任20多年口译、联合国军事观察员，曾赴哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院深造，现为北京新东方学校翻译项目负责人。
最初学外语实在是无心插柳。小时候，我酷爱国球乒乓球，誓在小小银球上有所作为，打了N年渐渐发现不是这块料，转念一想，“外语学好了没准能做个国际裁判，能天天看别人打球”，于是投奔英语门下。
1986年，我来北京出差，正逢美国国防大学校长在北京演讲。这是美军高级将领在我军讲台上的首次亮相，台下前排就座的有不少抗美援朝的功勋将领，双方的气氛算友好，也算较劲，在双方斗智的提问阶段，美方带来的翻译竟然当场卡壳了。我一冲动就上台救场，没想到上台容易下台难，一干就是20年。我热爱口译，它的主体是跨国合作和跨文化交流，一个好的翻译是润滑剂。不过，即便是再好的翻译，也有缺憾，翻译只能瞬间完美，大多数时候它是缺憾的艺术。
很多人说翻译是个苦差事，但在我的概念里，翻译是一杯香浓的咖啡，尽管味苦，但我喜欢。有时候头痛，一做翻译就好了，人生苦短，游历为先，20多年来，我跟随老首长走遍了全世界，领略了各种风土人情，走进了多少巨人的内心世界，这是一笔多么宝贵的财富啊。
“翻译充满乐趣、充满挑战”
●讲述人：姜浩
小档案：多年从事国际会议同声传译工作，为很多高规格、高难度的国际会议提供过翻译服务，涉及石油、汽车、IT、化工等众多领域。
2000年，我还在大学当老师，当时有朋友介绍我去会议进行翻译。一场会议下来，感觉很好，在业内树立了良好的口碑，之后做同传的机会也就越来越多。不少同传都是从交传走过来，一开始做交传，有了丰富的经验之后就可以考虑做同传。
同传最大的特点就是善于学习，一场会议，与会人员都是专家、精英，如果翻译对领域丝毫不了解，很难做好工作。尤其是石油化工方面的，要有一个提前的准备。做同传，主办方一般在会议前半个月或者前10天为同传提供资料。但是，很多时候，这种配合不够，资料不全面、准备时间不充分是经常有的事情，有的甚至没有任何资料，只能进行无稿同传。
即便会遇到困难，在翻译的过程中还是非常愉悦的。通过这些会议，一些专家、精英，可以让我了解不同领域，汲取到很多知识，我十分热爱我的职业。如果用一句话概括翻译行业，我想应该是充满乐趣、充满挑战的。
翻译公司 上海翻译 北京翻译公司 同声传译 同传设备出租 同声传译 上海同声传译 上海同传设备租赁 同传设备出租 无线导览出租 上海无线导览出租 翻译论坛 免费在线翻译 友情链接 新疆租车公司 ]]>
President Bush at a press conference in the White House, 20 Sep 2007
When President Bush announced he was sending reinforcements to Iraq earlier this year, one of his goals was to have Iraqis in charge of security in all 18 provinces by November.
]]>
President Bush at a press conference in the White House, 20 Sep 2007
When President Bush announced he was sending reinforcements to Iraq earlier this year, one of his goals was to have Iraqis in charge of security in all 18 provinces by November.
That is not going to happen. And U.S. military officials say it will not until next July, at the earliest.
Acknowledging the slower than expected progress at a White House news conference Thursday, the president said while the timing has changed, his determination has not.
"The goals are the same," said President Bush. "And have we achieved them as fast? No we haven't. But, however, having not achieved them doesn't mean we ought to quit."
Mr. Bush said one of the reasons there is not what he called "instant democracy" in Iraq is that people there are still recovering from the former regime's violence against political opponents. President Bush said the former Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein prevented the possible emergence of a unifying figure akin to South Africa's Nelson Mandela.
"Saddam Hussein killed all the Mandelas," said Mr. Bush. "He was a brutal tyrant who divided people up and split families and people are recovering from this. So there is a psychological recovery that is taking place, and it is hard work for them."
The president is trying to rebuild public support for the war, in part by announcing that progress there now allows him to bring nearly 6,000 U.S. troops home from Iraq by the end of the year.
Iraq is a central issue in the race to succeed President Bush, with most opposition Democrats calling for more troop withdrawals and most Republicans backing the president.
Asked if he is an asset or a liability for his Republican Party, Mr. Bush said he is a strong asset.
"Candidates who go out and say that helping these Iraqis realize the benefits of democracy are going to do well," he said. "Candidates who go out and say that it is very important for the United States to have clear principles when it comes to foreign policy, they will do well."
]]>
President Bush at a press conference in the White House, 20 Sep 2007
When President Bush announced he was sending reinforcements to Iraq earlier this year, one of his goals was to have Iraqis in charge of security in all 18 provinces by November.
]]>
President Bush at a press conference in the White House, 20 Sep 2007
When President Bush announced he was sending reinforcements to Iraq earlier this year, one of his goals was to have Iraqis in charge of security in all 18 provinces by November.
That is not going to happen. And U.S. military officials say it will not until next July, at the earliest.
Acknowledging the slower than expected progress at a White House news conference Thursday, the president said while the timing has changed, his determination has not.
"The goals are the same," said President Bush. "And have we achieved them as fast? No we haven't. But, however, having not achieved them doesn't mean we ought to quit."
Mr. Bush said one of the reasons there is not what he called "instant democracy" in Iraq is that people there are still recovering from the former regime's violence against political opponents. President Bush said the former Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein prevented the possible emergence of a unifying figure akin to South Africa's Nelson Mandela.
"Saddam Hussein killed all the Mandelas," said Mr. Bush. "He was a brutal tyrant who divided people up and split families and people are recovering from this. So there is a psychological recovery that is taking place, and it is hard work for them."
The president is trying to rebuild public support for the war, in part by announcing that progress there now allows him to bring nearly 6,000 U.S. troops home from Iraq by the end of the year.
Iraq is a central issue in the race to succeed President Bush, with most opposition Democrats calling for more troop withdrawals and most Republicans backing the president.
Asked if he is an asset or a liability for his Republican Party, Mr. Bush said he is a strong asset.
"Candidates who go out and say that helping these Iraqis realize the benefits of democracy are going to do well," he said. "Candidates who go out and say that it is very important for the United States to have clear principles when it comes to foreign policy, they will do well."
]]>U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says American troops are likely to remain in Iraq for the long term, although their numbers will decline and their mission will change. VOA White House Correspondent Paula Wolfson reports, Gates defended President Bush's war strategy during a series of interviews on American television.
]]>
U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says American troops are likely to remain in Iraq for the long term, although their numbers will decline and their mission will change. VOA White House Correspondent Paula Wolfson reports, Gates defended President Bush's war strategy during a series of interviews on American television.
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates arrives at Fox News for an interview, 16 Sep 2007
President Bush has spoken of an enduring U.S. military presence in Iraq. Critics of the war say that means a conflict that rages for more than a decade, with significant American troop levels on the ground - perhaps 100,000 at any given time.
But Secretary of Defense Gates disagrees. He says once the modest troop reductions announced Thursday by the president have been made, the Bush administration will further assess the situation. He says if progress continues to be made the mission of U.S. forces will evolve.
"Assuming the conditions prevail in Iraq that allows us to continue the drawdown that the president has talked about, the idea is that we would have a much more limited role in Iraq for some protracted period of time as a stabilizing force," he said.
During an appearance on ABC's This Week program, Gates said he envisions a relatively small U.S. military presence in the future. He said it would focus on border security, counter-terrorism efforts, and training and equipping the Iraqi military.
"I do not know what the numbers would be. First of all, it will have to be negotiated with the Iraqis to see what they are prepared to accept. But I think certainly a small fraction of what we have there now," he added.
President Bush announced Thursday that he has accepted a plan by his top commander in Iraq, General David Petraeus, to withdraw nearly 6,000 troops from Iraq by the end of the year, with a further drawdown in the first six months of 2008.
The Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Democrat Joseph Biden of Delaware, told the Fox News Sunday program that the withdrawal plan does not go far enough.
"I think the main thing is getting the American forces redeployed out of the fault lines in the middle of this civil war," said Biden.
Senator Biden, who is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president, said he agrees with the White House that a total withdrawal of U.S. forces would be a disaster. But he said American troops can be effective in far smaller numbers if redeployed along Iraq's borders.
"There is no suggestion - no suggestion - that would be anything remotely approaching abandonment. It would be a fundamental change in tactic," he added.
New U.S. public-opinion polls indicate most Americans do not support the president's war strategy, but do not want an immediate withdrawal from Iraq. A Fox News poll indicates only 22 percent of Americans favor an immediate pull-out of American forces, while 42 percent prefer a gradual withdrawal during the course of a year, and 24 percent want to wait until the Iraqi military is totally able to take over. Meanwhile, an Associated Press survey says 65 percent disagree with the president's handling of the war.
]]>U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says American troops are likely to remain in Iraq for the long term, although their numbers will decline and their mission will change. VOA White House Correspondent Paula Wolfson reports, Gates defended President Bush's war strategy during a series of interviews on American television.
]]>
U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says American troops are likely to remain in Iraq for the long term, although their numbers will decline and their mission will change. VOA White House Correspondent Paula Wolfson reports, Gates defended President Bush's war strategy during a series of interviews on American television.
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates arrives at Fox News for an interview, 16 Sep 2007
President Bush has spoken of an enduring U.S. military presence in Iraq. Critics of the war say that means a conflict that rages for more than a decade, with significant American troop levels on the ground - perhaps 100,000 at any given time.
But Secretary of Defense Gates disagrees. He says once the modest troop reductions announced Thursday by the president have been made, the Bush administration will further assess the situation. He says if progress continues to be made the mission of U.S. forces will evolve.
"Assuming the conditions prevail in Iraq that allows us to continue the drawdown that the president has talked about, the idea is that we would have a much more limited role in Iraq for some protracted period of time as a stabilizing force," he said.
During an appearance on ABC's This Week program, Gates said he envisions a relatively small U.S. military presence in the future. He said it would focus on border security, counter-terrorism efforts, and training and equipping the Iraqi military.
"I do not know what the numbers would be. First of all, it will have to be negotiated with the Iraqis to see what they are prepared to accept. But I think certainly a small fraction of what we have there now," he added.
President Bush announced Thursday that he has accepted a plan by his top commander in Iraq, General David Petraeus, to withdraw nearly 6,000 troops from Iraq by the end of the year, with a further drawdown in the first six months of 2008.
The Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Democrat Joseph Biden of Delaware, told the Fox News Sunday program that the withdrawal plan does not go far enough.
"I think the main thing is getting the American forces redeployed out of the fault lines in the middle of this civil war," said Biden.
Senator Biden, who is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president, said he agrees with the White House that a total withdrawal of U.S. forces would be a disaster. But he said American troops can be effective in far smaller numbers if redeployed along Iraq's borders.
"There is no suggestion - no suggestion - that would be anything remotely approaching abandonment. It would be a fundamental change in tactic," he added.
New U.S. public-opinion polls indicate most Americans do not support the president's war strategy, but do not want an immediate withdrawal from Iraq. A Fox News poll indicates only 22 percent of Americans favor an immediate pull-out of American forces, while 42 percent prefer a gradual withdrawal during the course of a year, and 24 percent want to wait until the Iraqi military is totally able to take over. Meanwhile, an Associated Press survey says 65 percent disagree with the president's handling of the war.
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